NARRATIVE TEXT
(LEGEND AND MYTH)
Study the expression in the table below!
| Expression of Love | Responses |
| I love you I love you from the bottom of my heart. I really love you. I love you so much. I must love it. You are my everything. I am crazy of … | I love you, too. Me too. I also love you. So do I. I love it, too. I feel the same with you. Just the same with you. |
A. The bold typed expression in the dialogue above is the example of sadness expression. We use the expression of sadness when we face something wrong/ bad and make us sad.
Study also the sadness expression below.
| Expression of Sadness | Responses |
| It makes me so distressed. I feel so sad. I'm very sad. It makes me so upset. I'm so distressed. It makes me feel so sad. I'm not too happy about it. I feel down in the dump. | It does, doesn't it? Things happened, you know? I am so sorry to hear that. Sorry about that. You are, aren't you? You do, don't you? |
B. MODELLING OF TEXT
Read the text below. Pay attention to the structure of the text!
| Title | Nyi Roro Kidul |
| Orientation | No one denies that the goddess of the south sea is the queen Nyi Roro Kidul who lives exactly in Parang tritis in |
| Complication | Before turning into a nymph, Nyi Roro Kidul was a young princess named Dewi Kandita, the daughter of King Munangwangi and his first wife. Dewi rembulan was beyond doubt. They were known for their beauty, kindness and friendliness, and people loved them. However, the misery of their lives began when Dewi Muiiara, another wife of King Mundangwangi, known locally as selir, became envy and grew ambitions to become the first wife. She thought that by being the first wife she would deserve full affection and attention from the king. Dewi Mutiara’s dream came true when one day she bore a son that the king had long been yearning for. Through the assistance of a witch, Dewi Mutiara made the king’s wives Dewi Rembulan and Dewi Kandita suffer from ‘strange’ disease with their bodies covered with scabies that created an odour of fish. The disease led them to be sent into exiled in the forest where later Dewi Rembulan died. After a long, hard and helpless journey, the scabies covered Dewi kandita eventually arrived at a beach where she met a young, handsome man who promised to cure her illness. |
| Resolution | At the request of the young man, Dewi kandita chased after him as he ran along the beach. When she reached the water, the man disappears and, to her surprise, all the scabies had disappeared but, strangely, she could not move her legs. Half her body from the waist down, had turned into the body of a fish. Then she became a sea-nymph and locals believe that Nyi Roro Kidul is the manifestation of Dewi Kandita. |
Summary:
NARRATIVE TEXT
Social Function:
To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways; Narrative deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis or turning points of some kind, which in turn fields a resolution.
Generic Structure:
- Orientation: sets the scene and introduces the participants
- Evaluation: a stepping back to evaluate the plight.
- Complication: a crisis arises
- Resolution: the crisis is resolved, for better or for worse
- Re-orientation: optional
Significant Lexico grammatical Features:
- Focus on specific and usually individualized participants.
- Use of material processes (and in this text, behavioral and verbal processes).
- Use of relational processes and mental processes.
- Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances.
- Use of past tense.
A. Imperative Indirect Speech
a. Positive Imperative
Study the changes below:
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 1. 2. 3. | He said, “Go away!” She said, “Come here!” “Be quite!” he warned | He asked me to go away. She told me to come here. He warned to be quite |
b. Negative Imperative
| No | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 1. 2. 3. | I asked, “Don’t take the book!” She said, “Don’t go away!” “Don’t be noisy!” he said. | I asked not to take the book. She told me not to go away. He ordered not to be noisy. |
Note: the word ‘said’ can be changed into told, ordered, asked, commanded, begged, suggested, warned
B. Affirmative Indirect Speech
To change a direct sentence into indirect one, there are some basic changes that must be considered.
a. Change of Pronouns
| Direct | Indirect |
| I You My Our Your | He/ She Me/ he/ she/ them/ I/ him/ her His/ her Their/ your My/ his/ her |
Study the examples below:
| No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 1. 2. | Simple present tense Ira said, "I like the show" Present perfect tense Ira said, "I have finished my work" | Simple past tense Ira said that she liked the show Past perfect tense Ira said that she had finished her work. |
b. Change in Adverb of Time and Place
| Direct | Indirect |
| Now Today Tomorrow Next ... Last ... ... ago Yesterday The day before yesterday Here This These | Then That day The next day The day after The following day A day later The ... after The following ... The ... before The previous ... The preceeding ... before ... earlier The day before The previous day The preceding day Two days before There That Those |
Examples:
- Doni said, “My father will spend his holiday in Lombok Island
Doni said that his father would spend his holiday in Lombok Island
- Rina said. “I came to Slank concert last week".
Rina said that she had come to Slank concert the previous week.
c. Change of Tenses
The tense of the direct sentences change if the reporting verb of the direct tense is in the past form, the tenses in the indirect speech change.
| No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 1. 2. | Simple present tense Ira said, "I like the show" Simple future tense Ira said, "I will go to Solo" | Simple past tense Ira said that she liked the show Past future tense Ira said that she would go to Solo |
Notes: If the reporting verb doesn’t in past form so the indirect speech tense doesn't change.
Example: Maria says, "I will cook fried chicken tonight".
Maria says that she will cook fried chicken the following night.
Direct and Indirect Speech
| Direct | Indirect | ||
| Tenses | Verb | Tenses | Verb |
| Simple Present Present Continuous Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous | V1 Is/are/am + Ving Have/has + V3 Have/has + been + Ving | Simple Past Past continuous Past Perfect Past Perfect continuous | V2 Was/were + Ving Had + V3 Had + been + Ving |
| Simple future Future Continuous | Will + V1 Will + be + V ing | Past future Past Future Continuous | Would + V1 Would + be + Ving |
| Simple Past Past Continuous | V2 Was/were + Ving | Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous | Had + V3 Had + been + Ving |
| Modal | Must + V1 May + V1 Shall + V1 Can + V1 | | Had to + V1 Might + V1 Should + V1 Could + V1 |
C. Interrogative Indirect Speech
To change a direct sentence into indirect one, there are some basic changes that must be considered
1. Changes of Pronouns
2 Changes in the adverb of times
3. Changes of Tenses
4 Changes of sentenced formal (as in affirmative form)
There are two formates in making interrogative indirect form
a Yes/no question (kalimat tanya yang bisa dijawab dengan yes atau no). For this form we must add conjunction "if" or “Whether” and change the interrogative form into affirmative one
| No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 1. 2. 3. | Dani asked me "Do you know me?" Dani asked me, "Are you ill?" Dani asked me, "Can you help me?" | Dani asked me if I knew him Dani asked me if I was ill Dani asked me whether I could help him |
b. Pronominal question (kalimat tanya yang mengunakan kata tanya Wh-questions)
For this form we use the Why question as conjunction then we change the interrogative form into affirmative-one.
| No. | Direct Speech | Indirect Speech |
| 1. 2. 3. | Dani asked me "Where do you live?" Dani asked me, "Who is he?" Dani asked me, "When will you arrive?" | Dani asked me where I lived Dani asked me who he was Dani asked me when I would arrive |
Using Gerund
Study the sentences below!
Ø Reading
Ø Myrna loves singing.
Ø Sorry for making you cry.
Ø After washing, she mopped the floor.
The underlined words above are the examples of gerund. Gerund is verb ended by -ing and supposed as noun. In sentence, gerund is used in the conditions below:
A. Verbs used as Subject
Example:
· Speaking is better than thinking.
· Swimming is a good sport.
· Jogging makes us fresh.
B. Verbs used as Object/ Complement
Example:
· She likes dancing.
· My hobby is cycling.
C. Verbs as Prepositional Object
Example:
· I am sorry for coming late.
· On opening the door, I saw him
· Before leaving, he said nothing.
D. Verbs which occur after certain terms
a. no use (tiada guna)
It is no use studying without practicing.
b. To be worth (bermanfaat)
It is worth reading source books.
c. To be busy (sibuk)
She is busy preparing for the exams.
d. Can't help/ can't bear (tidak bisa menahan)
She usually can't help laughing when she hears a joke.
e. To be used to (terbiasa)
I am used to eating gudeg Yogya.
Tetapi
I used to eat gudeg Yogya. (pernah)
f. Get used to (telah terbiasa)
She gets used to living near the airport.
g. To be accustomed to (telah terbiasa)
Rudi is accustomed to wearing a tie during his work.
E. Verbs which occur after possessive adjective
· Her teaching is fascinating.
· His staring frightens me.
· I hate Iwan's wearing earing.
F. Verbs which occur after certain words
Admit consider enjoy mind recall
Appreciate avoid finish miss regret
Claim delay fancy postpone report
Deny imagine resist practice stop
Resume risk suggest advise resist
Example:
· Would you mind helping me?
· We enjoy seeing them again after so many years.
· Bob admitted stealing the money.
G. Verbs which occur after verbs/ adjectives which are always followed by "to"
Confess to dedicate to object to be used to
Advance to get used to look forward to be accustomed to
be opposed to key to in addition to take to
Example:
· We are looking forward to going back to school.
· I object to giving you another allowance.
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